Objectives Detect the number and function changes of endothelial progenitor cells ( EPCs)from peripheral blood in long-term hemodialysis patients, and explore their correlation with microinflammation, anaemia, hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods Mononuclear cells ( MNCs) were isolated from peripheral blood of a long-term hemodialysis group and a normal control group by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation and then were planted on human fibronectin-coated dishes. After 7 days of culture, adherent EPCs were double stained with FITC-UEA-I and Di-LDL, and were further identified by the expression of CD34 ,CD133 and KDR with flow cytometry. EPCs migration were detected by modified Boyden chamber assay. EPCs adhesion were performed by replanting EPCs on human fibronectin-coated plates and then counting the adherent cells. Analysising correlation of the EPCs 'number and function changes with hemoglobin ( Hb) ,homocysteine( Hey) and C-reactiveprotein(CRP) by the multiple linear stepwise regression. Results Number and function activities including migration and adhesion of EPCs in long-time hemodialysis group were significantly lower than the control group( p <0.05); significant increase were observed in serum CRP and Hey level in patients compared with control group( p <0.05) and these had negative correlation with the number and function activities including migration and adhesion ; A significant decrease was observed in serum Hb level in patients compared with control group ( p < 0.05) and these had positive correlation with EPCs'number and adhesion capacities; By multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, CRP and Hey were the independent factors affecting EPCs'number and function activities in patients . Conclusions The number and function activities of EPCs,independent affected by CRP and Hey,were decreased in patients with long-term hemodialysis ,neovascularization and repainnent of damaged endothelium were impaired in these patients, all those increased risk of coronary heart disease.