Objectives To investigate the correlation between epidermal growth factor (EGF) gene rs4444903 polymorphism in the 5'non-coding region and genetic susceptibility and pathological stage to wilms tumor (WT) of childhood.Methods A case control experiment was performed,consisting of 96 cases with newly diagnosed and 200 cancer-free healthy controls.Then peripheral blood genome DNA was extracted.The polymorphism of EGF rs4444903 polymorphism was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) technique.The correlations between the susceptibility and pathological stage to WT and different genotypes were compared.Results Logistic regression analysis suggested that children carried GG or GA + GG genotype might increase WT susceptibility (OR =2.45,1.12 ～ 4.87,OR =1.25,1.08 ～ 2.34,P ＜ 0.05,respectively),and had a positive correlation in pathological stage (Ⅲ～Ⅴ stage vs.Ⅰ ～Ⅱ stage:OR =2.28,95％CI =1.30～4.48,P ＜0.01).Furthermore,the GG/GA carries had a higher EGF expression in serum than AA genotype.Conclusions EGF rs4444903 polymorphism has a susceptibility to WT,and might be a risk factor in the prognosis of WT.