Objective: To investigate the red blood cell distribution width(RDW), serum glutathione peroxidase(Se-GSHPx) and lipid peroxide(LPO) in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB) and the amount of bleeding in patients, the significance of changes before and aft er treatment. Methods: A total of 110 UGIB patients and 60 healthy subjects diagnosed in Zhoukou Central Hospital were selected as a UGIB group and a control group, respectively. Hemoglobin(Hb), red blood cells(RBC), platelets(HCT), RDW, Se-GSH-Px, and LPO levels were detected in the 2 groups. Th e above indicators in patients with different bleeding volume in the UGIB group were compared before and aft er treatment. Results: Th e levels of RDW and LPO in the UGIB group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). Th e levels of Hb, RBC, HCT and Se-GSH-Px in the UGIB group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). In the UGIB group, the RDW and LPO levels in patients with mild-bleeding were significantly lower than those in patients with moderate-to severe-bleeding(P<0.05);the levels of Hb, RBC, HCT and Se-GSH-Px in patients with mild-bleeding were significantly higher than those in patients with moderate to severe-bleeding(P<0.05). RDW and LPO levels of UGIB patients aft er the treatment were significantly lower than those before the treatment(P<0.05). Hb, RBC, HCT, Se-GSH-Px levels in the UGIB patients were significantly higher than those before the treatment(P<0.05). Conclusion: Th e RDW, Se-GSH-Px and LPO in UGIB patients have a certain relationship with the amount of bleeding, the changes of the above indicators has certain clinical value for guiding treatment.