ObjectiveCurrent research on the application of stochastic resonance theory to improve motor control in post-stroke patients is limited, and its effects are inconclusive. Sensory rehabilitation is a crucial component of stroke recovery. Enhancing the nervous system’s ability to perceive and process proprioceptive inputs during rehabilitation training can aid in restoring motor control. This study developed an electrical noise stimulation method based on the stochastic resonance phenomenon to investigate changes in proprioception of the affected knee joint and balance function in stroke patients before and after different intensity electrical stimulations.MethodsStroke rehabilitation inpatients were recruited from Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital between March and December 2023. Patients’ electrical stimulation thresholds were measured, and they were randomly divided into 4 groups: An experimental group 1 (120% threshold stimulation), an experimental group 2 (80% threshold stimulation), an experimental group 3 (40% threshold stimulation), and a control group (0%, no stimulation), with 17 patients in each group. The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores and the difference between the reconstructed and actual angles of knee flexion at 30°, 90°, and 120° were compared before and after the stimulation.ResultsBefore the treatment, there was no significant difference in BBS scores among the 4 groups (all P>0.05). After the treatment, BBS scores significantly improved in all experimental groups (all P<0.05), but significantly decreased in the control group (P<0.05). Post-treatment comparisons showed significant differences in BBS scores among the 4 groups (P<0.05). Multiple comparisons indicated significant differences in BBS scores between the control group and each experimental group (P<0.05), with the experimental groups 1 and 2 scoring significantly higher than the experimental group 3 (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in knee joint angle reconstruction errors among the 4 groups before the treatment (P>0.05). Post-treatment comparisons showed significant differences in angle reproduction errors (P<0.05). Multiple comparisons showed significant differences between the control group and each experimental group (P<0.05), with the control group exhibiting greater errors than all experimental groups (all P<0.05).ConclusionElectrical noise stimulation based on the stochastic resonance theory can improve proprioception and balance function in stroke patients.