Objective To compare the efficacy,safety,compliance difference of cefdinir and amoxicillin/clavulanate in treatment of children with acute otitis media（AOM）. Methods 201 cases （232 ears） with AOM who received either cefdinir particles （daily dose of 7mg/kg/d,divided two times daily for 5 days） or amoxicillin/clavulanate（daily dose of 13.3 mg/kg,divided two times daily for 10 days） treatment from 2011 January to 2012 December were reviewed retrospectively.According to the clinical symptoms and signs recovery,compare the efficacy,drug compliance and safety differences of two groups. Results At the end of treatment,104 ears were cured or improved （104/106，98.11%） in the cefdinir group,while in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group 96 ears were cured or improved （96/106，90.57%）.Cefdinir was significantly better than amoxicillin/clavulanate in efficacy （P<0.05）.Totally 16 cases had poor medication adherence,1 case in the cefdinir group,other 15 cases in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group.The medication compliance of the Cefdinir group was 98.9%（90/91）,amoxicillin/clavulanate group was 86.4%（95/110）,there was significant difference between two groups （P<0.05）.Totally 6 cases appeared adverse reactions,including skin rash,diarrhea and nausea,2 cases in the cefdinir group,other 4 cases in the amoxicillin/clavulanate group.The rate of adverse reaction in the Cefdinir group was 2.2%（2/91）,the amoxicillin/clavulanate group 3.6%（4/110）,two groups had no significant difference （P>0.05）. Conclusion 5-day oral cefdidir treatment was significantly better than 10-day oral amoxicillin/clavulanate treatment for children acute otitis media in efficacy、medication adherence and safety,it seems to be a better choice of short treatment.