AimTo explore the differential expression of serum α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and interferon-β (IFN-β) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of different disease degrees and the value for the prediction of therapeutic effect. Methods120 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were selected as the study group, and divided into stable phase group and active phase group based on their condition, or divide into ineffective group and effective group based on treatment effectiveness. Another 120 patients with common pneumonia who underwent treatment at the same time were selected as the control group. The different levels of serum AAG and IFN-β of patients in each group were compared. The diagnostic tests and ROC analysis were used to analyze the predictive value of the detection indicators for the therapeutic efficacy of pulmonary tuberculosis. ResultsSerum AAG and IFN-β in the study group was lower than the control group, the active period group was lower than the stable period group, and the ineffective group was lower than the effective group (P＜0.05). Joint diagnostic efficacy analysis showed that joint testing for serum AAG and IFN-β had significantly higher predictive sensitivity compared with single testing. The ROC curve analysis results showed that joint detection of serum AAG and IFN-β had significantly larger area under the curve for efficacy prediction compared with single testing. ConclusionSerum AAG and IFN-β levels showed significant differences in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis of different severity, and joint testing of serum AAG and IFN-β levels has good predictive value for patient therapeutic effects.